开发常用

镜像选择

尽量选择 Alpine 版本，体积小，使用apk安装依赖，如 apk add --no-cache gcc g++ python2

如需要python2，尽量使用 alpine 3.14 左右的版本

镜像对比

属性	Alpine + apk	Ubuntu + apt	Debian Slim	Distroless	BusyBox
镜像大小	5MB	29MB	20MB	极小	1MB
兼容性	较低（需配置）	高	较高	静态编译	非常低
生态支持	较少	丰富	丰富	无包管理器	基本无
配置复杂度	较高（需调整）	较低	较低	中等	高

alpine 设置时区

apk add --no-cache tzdata
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' > /etc/timezone

可参考dockerfile

dockerfile

# Use the official Alpine image
FROM alpine:latest

# Set the environment variable for the timezone
ENV TZ=UTC
#ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai

# Install tzdata package for timezone data
RUN apk add --no-cache tzdata

# Set the timezone
RUN cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

# Verify the timezone is set correctly
RUN date

# Your application setup goes here
# ...

# Example entrypoint
CMD ["sh"]

postgres

podman run --rm -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_USER=postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres -e POSTGRES_DB=hello_dev postgres:12.19-alpine

# -v "$PWD/data":/var/lib/postgresql/data

redis

docker run --rm -p 6379:6379 redis

# -v "$PWD/data":/data

mysql

docker run --rm -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -e MYSQL_DATABASE=<default db> -p 3306:3306 mysql

# -v "$PWD/data":/var/lib/mysql

mongodb

docker run --rm -p 27017:27017 mongo

# -v "$PWD/data":/data/db

编译设置代理

docker build -t ai:latest . --build-arg HTTP_PROXY=http://<ip>:<port>

映射目录问题(windows环境)

# cmd
docker run --rm -it -v %cd%:/user/src/app gcc
# powershell
docker run --rm -it -v ${PWD}:/user/src/app gcc
# linux
docker run --rm -it -v ${pwd}:/user/src/app gcc
# cross platform
docker run --rm -it -v ${PWD}:/user/src/app gcc
docker run --rm -it -v ${PWD}:/user/src/app gcc

dev container 例子

Dockerfile

# Use the official Node.js image to copy Node.js binaries
FROM node:16.20.0-alpine AS nodejs
# Node.js binaries are already installed in the official image at /usr/local/
# No additional steps needed here.

# Use the official Go image to copy Go binaries
FROM golang:1.21.0-alpine AS golang
# Go binaries are already installed in the official image at /usr/local/go
# No additional steps needed here.

# Use Alpine as the base image
FROM alpine:latest

# Install necessary dependencies in the Alpine image
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    librdkafka-dev \
    pkgconf \
    gcc \
    g++ \
    make \
    tzdata \
    git \
    python3 \
    bash \
    libc6-compat

# Copy Node.js from the Node.js image
COPY --from=nodejs /usr/local /usr/local

# Copy Go from the Go image
COPY --from=golang /usr/local/go /usr/local/go

# Set up environment variables for Go
ENV PATH="/usr/local/go/bin:${PATH}" \
    GOPATH=/go

ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && \
    echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

RUN go env -w GO111MODULE=on
RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

# Verify installations
RUN node -v && npm -v && go version && python --version

万能解决各种

https://docs.docker.com/engine/containers/run/#runtime-privilege-and-linux-capabilities

privileged: true

or

docker run --privileged ..